What is the iliotibial band?
The iliotibial band is a connective tissue that is located along the outer thigh and knee. It works to provide strength and stability to the front and side of the knee. It also helps to stabilise the hip during walking, running and hopping.
The band is made up of a strong fibrous material which can work like a spring in absorbing and releasing energy.
What is iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)?
Iliotibial band syndrome is a common knee injury that typically presents as pain or tenderness on the outside of the knee. It is often due to overuse or a rapid change in training volume but may also be due to associated muscle weakness of the surrounding structures. This leads to compression and inflammation of the iliotibial band. It occurs most often in cyclists, long distance runners and athletes who frequently squat.
Iliotibial band syndrome is caused by a combination of factors, including:
Poor training habits or technique
Sudden increases in activity levels
Reduced muscle flexibility
Muscle weakness
Mechanical imbalances in the body - often in the lower back, pelvis, hips and knees
What are the signs and symptoms of ITBS?
Sharp pain on the outer side of the knee
Particularly during running when the heel strikes the ground
Sensation of stinging or prickling
Snapping or popping sensation at the knee
Pain aggravated by movements which load the knee e.g. squats, running, stairs
Pain radiating upwards along the length of the ITB to the outer thigh and hip
How is it diagnosed in physiotherapy?
Physiotherapists will first ask questions to understand the potential causes of your symptoms. This can include questions about your training history, symptom presentation as well as lifestyle and activity.
There is also a physical exam where physiotherapists will perform key assessments and look at your range of movement, movement control, strength, posture and gait.
Recovery
Most people recover from iliotibial band syndrome. However, it may take weeks or months to return to full activity without pain.
How can physiotherapists at UPG help treat your iliotibial band syndrome?
We can help by:
Reducing acute pain and providing advice on what to do during the early stages
Providing education about training volume, running form and technique
Addressing the causes contributing to iliotibial band syndrome e.g. weakness, pain, reduced flexibility, posture
Prescribing appropriate exercises as well as strength and conditioning work
Guiding load management and return to running/activity safely
Progressing your rehab to help you achieve your goals
Book in with one of our friendly UPG physiotherapists for a consultation. Together, we can help you get back to doing the activities and hobbies that you love to do!
References:
Charles, D., & Rodgers, C. (2020). A Literature Review and Clinical Commentary on the Development of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Runners. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 15(3), 460-470.
Jerold M. Stirling et al., (2015). Iliotibial Band Syndrome Treatment & Management. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/91129